using data among NHANES III participants did not find TST levels to differ across four quantiles of cholesterol. Schooling (2013) analyzed National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES) III data to report on the relationships between androgen activity and several cardiovascular risk factors. TST levels affect body fat distribution and insulin sensitivity in men. The effect of low TST levels on cardiovascular risk factors, Vitamin D levels, and bone mineral density has been extensively studied.
TST is essential for health and well-being. TST plays a key role in the development of male reproductive tissues such as the testis and prostate as well as promoting secondary sexual characteristics such as increased muscle, bone mass, and the growth of body hair.
In males, testosterone (TST) is the principal male sex hormone and an anabolic steroid. Physical activity, Smoking, Race/ethnicity, Testosterone Adult NHW, NHB, and NHAS nonsmokers had statistically significantly lower T-TST levels than NHW, NHB, and NHAS smokers respectively (p ≤ 0.02). Among adolescents, overall, NHW and NHB had statistically significantly higher T-TST levels in the morning as compared to these levels in the evening (p ≤ 0.02). For adult males, morning levels of T-TST were 21-31% higher than the T-TST levels during evening among NHW and there was no diurnal variation in T-TST levels among NHB nonsmokers but NHB smokers had 3%-12% higher T-TST levels during the morning as compared to the evening. For adolescent males, diurnal variability in T-TST levels was substantially smaller among smokers than nonsmokers for non-Hispanic white (NHW) and Hispanics but the reverse was true for non-Hispanic black (NHB). The effect of race/ethnicity and smoking on diurnal variations in total serum testosterone level (T-TST) was evaluated by analyzing data from NHANES for 2011-2012 for adolescent and adult males.
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